ื ืคืชืจื”: ื”ืกืจ ืจื•ื•ื— ืœื‘ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ื ื’ืจืจ

ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื ื’ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืื• ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืช R, ืฉืคื” ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืจื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื•ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœืš.

# ืงื•ื“ R ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”
my_string <- " Leading and trailing whitespaces " trimmed_string <- trimws(my_string) print(trimmed_string) [/code]

ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ื ืคืชืจื”: ื”ืกืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”

ืชื›ื ื•ืช R ื”ื™ื ืฉืคืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืจื—ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ื’ืจืคื™ืงื”. ื–ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื ืชื—ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืชื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื‘-R, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช - ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช R, ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืงื•ื“ ืชื•ืื - ื”ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช. ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืืชื’ืจ. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื™ืกืคืง ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืงื™ืฃ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘-R.

ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ื ืคืชืจื”: ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื˜ืงืกื˜. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื• ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ โ€‹โ€‹ืžื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช, ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื• ืชืช-ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช, ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื–ื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื›ื ื•ืช R, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.

ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ื ืคืชืจื”: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื™ื™ืฆื DataFrame ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ Excel

ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื DataFrame ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืืงืกืœ ื‘-R ืžื™ื™ืขืœืช ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ื•ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™ ื‘-Excel, ืื• ืœืื‘ื“ ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจื”, ื™ื™ืฆื•ื DataFrame ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœ-Excel ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืืžื™ื ื” ืœื”ืฆื’ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ื•ืกืฃ.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื•, ืื“ื ืžืฉืคืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืกื˜ื™ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘-R. ืœื ืจืง ืฉื–ื” ื—ื•ืกืš ื–ืžืŸ, ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.

ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ื ืคืชืจื”: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืจืš ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ื”

ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืจื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™, ืชื›ื ื•ืช R ืžืฉืžืฉ ืขืžื•ื“ ื™ืกื•ื“, ื”ืžืกืคืง ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื™ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืขืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฆืœื•ืœ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื ืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“, ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื–ื•.

ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ื ืคืชืจื”: ืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช

ื‘ื˜ื—, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืืžืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘-R.

ืฉืคืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืช R ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื’ืจืคื™ืงื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื•, R ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืœื• ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื›ืขืช. ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื•ื“ R ืฉืœืš ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœืš. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”ื“ื’ืžืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘-R.

ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ื ืคืชืจื”: string ascii accents

ื‘ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ ASCII, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืœื” ืขื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื, ืชื•ืคืก ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช. ื”-ASCII (ืงื•ื“ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืœื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื™ื“ืข) ืคื•ืชื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื. ืงื•ื“ื™ ASCII ืืœื” ื”ื ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ASCII, ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช R.

ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ

ื ืคืชืจื”: ืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ื›-rdata

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ืชื›ื ื•ืช R ืžืกืคืงืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืœื™ืขื™ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ื™ื ืื• ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื. RData ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ R ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœ-R ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช RData ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืช R ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืงื˜ืข ื”ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื• ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืฉื ื›ืš.

ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ